有人以为历史上的教父对于方言的意见是一边倒,其实两者都有的。
1. Church Fathers Who Supported the Continuation of Tongues
支持方言继续存在的教父有:
These figures believed that miraculous gifts, including tongues, persisted in their time.
a. Irenaeus (c. 130–202 AD)爱任纽
View: Affirmed that spiritual gifts, including prophecy and tongues, were still active in the Church. 看法:认为预言和方言的恩赐在教会中持续存在
Reference: 著作:
Against Heresies (Book V, Ch. 6.1): 《反对异端》第五卷六章一节:
"We hear many of the brethren in the Church who possess prophetic gifts and who speak in all kinds of tongues through the Spirit, and who also bring to light the secret things of men for their benefit."我们听到教会中的很多弟兄或者拥有说预言的恩赐,或者借着圣灵说各样的方言,或者为了人的益处显明人隐秘的事情。
b. Origen (c. 184–253 AD)俄利根
View: While cautious about excesses, he acknowledged that miraculous gifts, including tongues, could still occur. 看法:虽然抱着谨慎的态度,他承认神迹般的恩赐,包括方言依然存在。
Reference: 著作:
Against Celsus (Book VII, Ch. 8): 《驳克里索》第七卷第八章
"The Holy Spirit gave signs of His presence at the beginning of Christ’s ministry, and after His ascension He gave still more; but since that time these signs have diminished, though there are still traces of His presence in a few who have had their souls purified."在基督事工的起头圣灵赐下神迹,基督升天之后圣灵依然如此,但之后神迹有所减少,虽然在少数灵魂洁净的人当中依然有一些痕迹。
c. Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313-386 AD)**: 耶路撒冷的区利罗
- In his Catechetical Lectures, Cyril acknowledges the existence of various spiritual gifts, including tongues, and asserts that they were present in the early church, indicating a belief in the continuation of these gifts. 在他的《教理演讲》中,他承认包括方言在内的恩赐的存在,宣称这些恩赐在早期教会是一直存在的
- Reference: *Catechetical Lectures*, Lectures 17 and 18
2. Church Fathers Who Denied or Doubted the Continuation of Tongues 拒绝或怀疑方言的持续性的教父
These figures believed that miraculous gifts had ceased or were no longer normative.
a. Chrysostom (c. 349–407 AD)屈梭多模
View: Explicitly stated that tongues had ceased by his time. 看法:清楚说明在他的时代方言已经终止了
Reference: 著作:
Homilies on 1 Corinthians (Homily 29 on 1 Cor 12:1–2): 哥林多前书讲道集
"This whole place [about tongues] is very obscure, but the obscurity is produced by our ignorance of the facts referred to and by their cessation, being such as then used to occur but now no longer take place." 方言曾经发生但是现在不再有了。
b. Augustine (354–430 AD) 奥古斯丁
View: Initially believed in ongoing miracles but later argued that tongues and other signs were for the apostolic age only. 看法:起初相信神迹的持续存在但后来辩护说方言和其他神迹般的恩赐仅仅处于使徒时代
References: 著作:
On the Trinity (Book XV, Ch. 18.32): 《论三位一体》
"In the earliest times, the Holy Spirit fell upon believers and they spoke with tongues… These were signs adapted to the time… now the Church is established, they are no longer in use." 在早期,圣灵降在信徒身上,他们就讲方言。。。这是那个时代的神迹。。。现在教会已经建立,它们就不在需要了。
Retractions (Book II, Ch. 30):《翻改录》
Acknowledged that miracles still happen but saw tongues as a temporary sign. 承认神迹依然存在,但是方言是暂时的。
c. Jerome (c. 347–420 AD) 耶柔米
View: Associated tongues primarily with the apostolic era. Jerome exhibits caution and skepticism regarding the continued presence and manifestation of the gift of tongues in his own time. He implies that the gifts associated with the early Church may have largely ceased as the Church matured and the New Testament canon was established.看法:认为因着教会的成熟以及正典的确立,和初代教会连接在一起的恩赐大部分停止了。
- **Commentary on Isaiah**: In this work, Jerome discusses the prophetic age and mentions the spiritual gifts, including tongues, thereby acknowledging their past significance. 在耶柔米对以赛亚的注释中,耶柔米讨论了说预言的时代以及各样属灵的恩赐,确认了这些恩赐的重要性。
- **Letter to Eustochium**: In this letter, he reflects on the nature of spiritual gifts and their relevance. While he is respectful toward earlier manifestations, he suggests that they are not universally present in all believers of his time.在给尤索贞的信中,耶柔米思考了属灵恩赐的本质和他们的关联性。他建议这些属灵恩赐在他的时代并没有普遍地存在了。